I.  Europe.  604  35.  Großbritannien  und  Irland,

$  5.  The  British  Dominlons  beyond  the  Seas!.

“The  British  Dominions  beyond  the  Seas,’  or  the  Colonies  and  Dependencies  of  Great
Britain  are:  In  Europe?:  Gibraltar*,  Maltat  and  Cyprus®.  In  Asia:  Ceylon*,  Hong  Kong*,  Weihaiwei$$,
  Straite  Settlements*,  Malay  States$,  Labuan$,  North  Borneo$  and  Sarawack$.  In
Africa:  Ascension*,  Capett  etc.,  Basutoland$,  Natal}t,  N.  Bechuanaland  Protectorate$,  Transvaaltf,
  Orange  River  Colonytt,  Mauritius*  ete.,  Seychelles®*,  St.  Helena*,  Sierra  Leone*  and
Protectorate,  Gambia*,  Gold  Coast  Colony*,  Southern  Niger  a$,  Northern  Nigeria$,  Br.  Cent.
Africa  Protectorate$,  Sphere  of  Operations  of  Br.  S.  Africa  Co.,  East  Africa  Protectorate$,  Uganda
Protectorate$,  and  Zanzibar$.  In  America:  Bermuda,  Canada  1t,  Newfoundland  +}  and  Labrador!®,
British  Guianat,  British  Honduras*,  Falkland  Islands*;  (West  Indies):  Bahamast,  Barbados  f,
Jamaicat,  Turks  Island},  Trinidad*  and  Tobago*,  Grenada,  St.  Lucia,  St.  Vincent  },  Antigua  f,
Dominica,  Montserrat},  St.  Kitte  tand  Nevist  and  Virgin  Islandst.  In  Australasia:  New  South
Walestt,  Victoriatf,  Queenslandtt,  West  Australiatf,  Tasmaniatt,  New  Zeslandtt,  Fiji*
and  Papua*®.,

Malta,  Cyprus,  Weihaiwei,  Malay  States,  Labuan,  N.  Borneo,  Sarawack,  Basutoland,
S.andN.  Nigeria,  Br.  Cent.  Africa,  E.  Africa  Protectorate,  Uganda,  The  West  Indies,  Fiji  and  Papua
are  practically  and  constitutionally  Crown  Coloniese  VideAnson,  vol.  II,  Part.  II,  pp.  34—38.

6  4  Parliament.
(&amp;.)  The  House  of  Lorde.

Whereas  to-day  the  House  of  Commons  is  nearly  all-supreme;  in  the  early  deys  of  English
history  this  was  not  the  case;  nor  could  it  be  so  under  the  then  existing  eircumstances.  Green
tells  us  in  his  “History  of  the  English  People’”’:  “In  the  great  meeting  of  the  Witenagemote  or
Assembly  of  the  Wise  lay  the  rule  of  the  realm.  It  represented  the  whole  English  people,  as  the
wise-moots  of  each  kingdom  represented  the  separate  peoples  of  each;  and  its  powers  were  as
supreme  in  the  wider  field  as  theirs  in  the  narrower.  It  could  elect  or  depose  the  King.  To  it
belonged  the  higher  justice,  the  imposition  of  taxes,  the  making  of  laws,  the  conclusion  of  treaties,
the  control  of  wars,  the  disposal  of  public  lands,  the  appointment  of  great  officers  of  state.  But
such  a  meeting  necessarily  differed  greatly  in  constitution  from  the  Wittans  of  the  lesser  kingdoms.
  The  individual  freeman,  save  when  the  host  was  gathered  together,  could  hardly  take  part
in  ite  deliberations.  The  only  relic  of  its  popular  character  lay  at  last  in  the  ring  of  citizens  who
gathered  round  the  Wise  Men  at  London  or  Winchester,  and  shouted  their  "aye’'  or  "'nay’  at  the
election  of  the  king.  Distance  and  the  hardship  of  travel  made  the  presence  of  the  lesser  thegns
as  rare  as  that  of  the  freemen;  and  the  national  council  practically  shrank  into  a  gathering  of  the
ealdormen,  the  bishops,  and  the  officers  of  the  crown”.  Thus  we  see  the  development  of  that
which  may  have  been  intended  for  a  popular  assembly  into  an  exclusive  assembly,  a  ‘House  of
Commons’  becoming  a  ‘House  of  Lords’.

“Thus  the  first  assembly  in  England  to  which  the  word  ‘Parliament’  has  been  applied
by  any  legal  authority,  was  an  assembly  resembling  the  House  of  Lords  in  its  oonstitution,  but
consisting  largely  of  foreigners’®,

Still  the  origin  of  Parliament  in  the  modern  sense  of  the  word  dates  1215.  This  is  the
most  significant  year  in  English  Constitutional  history.  Simon  de  Montfort,  Earl  of  Leicester,

ı  Vide  section:  The  Colonies  Nr.  188  ff.

3  ®  =  Crown  Colony.  These  terms  are  used  in  a  ‘general'  manner.

ft  =  Representative  Institutions.  (I  have  followed  Prof.  Miklejohn’s  classifitt

  =  Responsible  Government,  cation  in  “The  Brit.  Empire”).  As  space  does
Self-Governing  Colony.  not  allow  of  classification  according  to  the

&amp;  =  Protectorate.  finer  niceitiies  of  Colonial  constitutional  de-$$

  =  Dependency.  finitions.

8  Great  Britain  “enjoys  the  use,  and  occupation  upon  certain  terms,  for  an  undefined  period‘.

*  Administered  by  Admiralty.

,  Governed  by  Newfoundland.

The  above  list  is  taken  verbatim  from  The  Colonial  Office  List,  which  see.
?  Vol.  I  p.  93.

®  LukeOwen  Pike:  „A  Constitutional  History  of  the  House  of  Lords‘‘  (Lond.  1894)
C.  III  p.  25.  He  is  alluding  to  the  reign  of  William  L