V.  Australien.  1.100  251.  Australia.

(II.)  He  must  be  a  subject  of  the  Queen,  either  natural-born  or  for  at  least
five  years  naturalized  under  a  law  of  the  United  Kingdom,  or  of  a  Colony  which  has
become  or  becomes  a  State,  or  of  the  Commonwealth  or  of  a  State.

35.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall,  before  proceeding  to  the  despatch
of  any  other  business,  choose  a  member  to  be  the  Speaker  of  the  House,  and  as  often
a8  the  office  of  Speaker  becomes  vacant  the  House  shall  again  choose  a  member  to
be  the  Speaker.

The  Speaker  shall  cease  to  hold  his  office  if  he  ceases  to  be  a  member.  He
may  be  removed  from  office  by  a  vote  of  the  House,  or  he  may  resign  his  office  or
his  seat  by  writing  addressed  to  the  Governor-General.

36.  Before  or  during  any  absence  of  the  Speaker,  the  House  of  Representatives
may  choose  a  member  to  perform  his  duties  in  his  absence.

37.  A  member  may  by  writing  addressed  to  the  Speaker  or  to  the  Governor-General
  if  there  is  no  Speaker,  or  if  the  Speaker  is  absent  from  the  Commonwealth,
resign  his  place,  which  thereupon  shall  become  vacant.

38.  The  place  of  a  member  shall.  become  vacant  if  for  two  consecutive  months
of  any  session  of  the  Parliament  he,  without  the  permission  of  the  House,  fails  to
attend  the  House.

39.  Until  the  Parliament  otherwise  provides,  the  presence  of  at  least  one-third
of  the  whole  number  of  the  members  of  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  be
necessary  to  constitute  a.  meeting  of  the  House  for  the  exercise  of  its  powers.

40.  Questions  arising  in  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  be  determined
by  a  majority  of  votes  other  than  that  of  the  Speaker.  The  Speaker  shall  not  vote
unless  the  numbers  are  equal,  and  then  he  shall  have  a  casting  vote.

Part  IV.  Both  Houses  of  the  Parliament.

41.  No  adult  person  who  has  or  acquires  a  right  to  vote  at  elections  for  the
more  numerous  House  of  the  Parliament  of  a  State  shall,  while  the  right  continues,
be  prevented  by  any  law  of  the  Commonwealth  from  voting  at  elections  for  either
House  of  the  Parliament  of  the  Commonwealth.

42.  Every  senator  and  every  member  of  the  House  of  Representatives  shall
before  taking  his  seat  make  and  subscribe  before  the  Governor-General,  or  some
person  authorized  by  him,  an  oath  or  affirmation  of  allegiance  in  the  form  set  forth
in  the  Schedule  to  this  Constitution.
|  43.  A  member  of  either  House  of  the  Parliament  shall  be  incapable  of  being
chosen  or  of  sitting  as  a  member  of  the  other  House.

44.  Any  person  who—

i   (L)  Is  under  any  personnally  acknowledgement  of  allegiance,  obedience,  or
adherence  to  a  foreign  power,  or  is  a  subject  or  a  citizen  or  entitled  to  the  right  or
privileges  of  a  subject  or  citizen  power:  or

(II.)  Is  attained  of  treason,  or  has  been  convicted  and  is  under  sentence,  or
subject  to  be  sentenced,  for  any  offence  punishable  under  the  law  of  the  Commonwealth
  or  of  a  State  by  imprisonment  for  one  year  or  longer:  or  '