V.  Australien.  1412  251.  Australia.

99.  The  Commonwealth  shall  not,  by  any  law  or  regulation  of  trade,  commerce,
or  revenue,  give  preference  to  one  State  or  any  part  thereof  over  another  State  or
any  part  thereof.

100.  The  Commonwealth  shall  not,  by  any  law  or  regulation  of  trade  or  commerce,
  abridge  the  right  of  a  State  or  of  the  residents  therein  to  the  reasonable  use
of  the  waters  of  rivers  for  conservation  or  irrigation.

101.  There  shall  be  an  Inter-State  Commission,  with  such  powers  of  adjudication
  and  administration  as  the  Parliament  deems  necessary  for  the  execution  and
maintenance,  within  the  Commonwealth,  of  the  provisions  of  this  Constitution  relating
to  trade  and  commerce,  and  of  all  laws  made  thereunder.

102.  The  Parliament  may  by  any  law  with  respect  to  trade  or  commerce  forbid,
as  to  railways,  any  preference  or  discrimination  by  any  State,  or  by  any  authority
constituted  under  a  State,  if  such  preference  or  discrimination  is  undue  and  unreasonable,
  or  unjust  to  any  State;  due  regard  being  held  to  the  financial  responsibilities
incurred  by  any  State  in  connexion  with  the  construction  and  maintenance  of  its
railways.  But  no  preference  or  discrimination  shall,  within  the  meaning  of  this
section,  be  taken  to  be  undue  and  unreasonable,  or  unjust  to  any  State,  unless  so
adjudged  by  the  Inter-State  Commission.

103.  The  members  of  the  Inter-State  Commission—
(I.)  Shall  be  appointed  by  the  Governor-General  in  Council;

(II.)  Shall  hold  office  for  seven  years,  but  may  be  removed  within  that  tim
by  the  Governor-General  in  Council,  on  an  address  from  both  Houses  of  the  Pare
liament  in  the  same  session  praying  for  such  removal  on  the  ground  of  proved  misbehaviour
  or  incapacity;

(IIL.)  Shall  receive  such  remuneration  as  the  Parliament  may  fix;  but  such
remuneration  shall  not  be  diminished  during  their  continuance  in  office.

104.  Nothing  in  this  Constitution  shall  render  unlawful  any  rate  for  the  carriage
of  goods  upon  a  railway,  the  property  of  a  State,  if  the  rate  is  deemed  by  the  Inter-State
  Commission  to  be  necessary  for  the  development  of  the  territory  of  the  State,
and  if  the  rate  applies  equally  to  goods  within  the  State  and  to  goods  passing  into
the  State  from  other  State.  |

105.  The  Parliament  may  take  over  from  the  States  their  public  debts  as
existing  at  the  establishment  of  the  Commonwealth,  or  a  proportion  thereof  according
  to  the  respective  numbers  of  their  people  as  shown  by  the  latest  statistics  of  the
Commonwealth,  and  may  convert,  renew,  or  consolidate  such  debts  or  any  part
thereof;  and  the  States  shall  indemnify  the  Commonwealth  in  respect  of  the  debts
taken  over  and  thereafter  the  interest  payable  in  respect  of  the  debts  shall  be  deducted
and  retained  from  the  portions  of  the  surplus  revenue  of  the  Commonwealth  payable
to  the  several  States,  or  if  such  surplus  is  insufficient,  or  if  there  is  no  surplus,
then  the  deficiency  or  the  whole  amount  shall  be  paid  by  the  several  States.