III. Afrika. 936 151. Or.- Riv.-Col.
Französisch West-Afrika (Mauretanien), unter einem Generalgouverneur, mit eigenem Budget;
(Senegal, Guines, Ivoryküste, Dahomey, Obersenegal, Niger). — Tunis, unter einem Bey, steht
seit dem Vertrage von Kasr-es-Said vom 12. Mai 1881, bestätigt unterm 8. Juni 1883, unter
französischer Protektorate; an der Spitze der Verwaltung steht ein französischer Ministerresident,
der gleichzeitig Minister des Auswärtigen ist; ihm zur Seite ein Ministerium (7 Franzosen,
2 Tuncsen).
148. Großbritannische Gebiete. Von den im Folgenden besonders genannten Kolonien
(unter Nr. 149—152) abgesehen, hat Großbritannien in Afrika folgende Kolonien bzw. Protektorate:
Ascension, Basutoland, Betschuanaland, Ostafrika, Uganda, Sansibar (als Protektorat
unter einem Seyyid, den ein britischer Premierminister zur Seite steht), Mauritius, Nyassaland,
Rhodesia, St. Helena, Seychellen, Somaliland, Westafrika (Nigerien, Goldküste, Sierra Leone,
Gambien). — Ein südafrikanischer Kolonialbund soll aus den Kolonien Transvaal, Oranje, Natal
und Kap begründet werden; der Entwurf einer Bundesverfassung ist von den Kolonialparlamenten
genehmigt worden (Anfang 1909) und dürfte iin Laufe des Jahres 1909 veröffentlicht
werden.
149. Kapkolonie (Cape of Good Hope). At the Cieneral Peace of 1814 the Cape of Good
Hopo was fornally ceded in perpetuity of the British Crown after having been forcibly captured
from the Dutch in 1806. From this date to 1535 tho new colony was administered by a Governor,
and some Executive Officers. In 1835 an Executive Council and a Legislative Council wero
established. By Letters Patent, 23rd May, 1850 both Governor and Council were granted
power to enact Ordinances for establishing a Representative Government; and in 1853 the
Cape Colony received this form of government. In 1872 (9th Aug.) the Colony became a Self-Governing
Colony. The first Ministry under Responsible Governnient was formed in November,
1872. (From Colonial Office List.) Louis Hamliton.
150. Natal. In 1843 Natal was proclaimed by the Governor of the Cape to be a British
Colony. In May, 1844, Letters Patent were issued, constituting the distriet a part of the Cape
Colony. Ordinances were passed by the Cape Legislature establishing Roman-Dutch law, and
providing for the adıninistration of justice. In April, 1845, other Letters Patent were passed
making Natal a separate Governinent. A Lieutenant - Governor was appointed, and an
Executive Council created. The Licutenant-Governor was subordinate to the Governor of
the Cape, and the Legislative Council of the Cape continued to frame laws for Natal till 1847,
when a separate Legislative Council was established. In 1856 Natal was erccted into a distinct
and separate Colony, its affairs being administered under the Royal Charter of the 15th July
of that year, by a Governor, assisted by an Executive and a Legislative Council. The law establishing
responsible government received the Royal assent on the 26 June, 1893, and on the
10th Oct., 1893 tho first Ministry was formed. (From Colonial Office List.) Louis Hamilton.
151. Orange River Colony Constitution, 1907.
Von Herrn Louis HAMILTON, Lektor am Orientalischen Seminar der
Königlichen Universität zu Berlin.
Lord Roberts proclaimed the annexation of this country to the British dominions on the
28th of May, 1900, the new colony receiving its name as above, and Lord Roberts being appointed
administrator. Sir Alfred Milner succeeded to the Administration on the departure of
Lord Roberts from S. Africa at the end of tlıe year 1900 and was afterwards selected for appointment
as Governor both of the Transvaal and of the Orange River Colony. By Letters Patent
